Candiru, Ikan Paling Berbahaya Melebihi Piranha

Candiru atau disebut juga canero merupakan jenis ikan air tawar yang sekeluarga dengan ikan lele. Ikan ini dapat ditemukan di sungai amazon dan sungai Oranoco, ikan ini memiliki reputasi sebagai ikan yang paling ditakuti oleh penduduk lokal, ikan ini lebih di takuti daripada ikan piranha. Ikan ini hanya dapat berkembang sampai seukuran 1 sampai 2 inci dan lebar 4 sampai 6 milimeter, memiliki bentuk seperti seekor belut dan hampir transparan, membuatnya hampir mustahil untuk dilihat di dalam air. Ikan yang cepat, perenang yang kuat, lembut dan licin, dengan gigi yang tajam.

Terdapat 3 spesies candiru: candiru berukuran jari dan candiru berukuran tusuk gigi yang biasanya makan dengan cara memasuki ikan yang lebih besar, candiru paus(whale candiru) merupakan pemakan bangkai yang lebih memilih untuk makan dari ikan yang sudah mati

Ikan candiru merupakan parasit, modus operandinya sangatlah simpel dan kejam: untuk menemukan ikan, ikan candiru pertama mengecap air, berusaha untuk mengetahui aliran air yang berasal dari ikan lain, setelah mengetahui dari mana aliran air tersebut, ikan itu akan langsung menuju celah-celah sirip ikan itu, duri yang ada di kepala candiru akan melukai insang ikan dan mengeluarkan darah selagi ikan candiru berada di dalam ikan tersebut. Sehingga ikan candiru disebut sebagai ikan vampir dari Brazil.

Ikan ini ditakuti karena ia tertarik pada air seni atau darah, dan bila seseorang berenang telanjang ia akan masuk ke celah anus atau vagina, atau bahkan bila ikannya kecil ke lubang penis – dan mungkin ke dalam urethra). Bila ini terjadi ikan candirú sangat sulit diambil kembali kecuali lewat operasi. Karena ikan ini menemukan mangsanya dengan mengikuti aliran air dari insang ke sumbernya, kencing sambil berenang meningkatkan kemungkinan candirú masuk ke urethra manusia.

Cara untuk membunuh ikan ini adalah dengan pengobatan tradisional, dengan air dari dua tanaman : Xagua dan apel Buitach yang dimasukkan ke daerah yang terkena. kedua tanaman ini akan melarutkan ikan tersebut. Dapat juga memalui operasi, tetapi operasi membutuhkan biaya dan waktu.Lebih sering, infeksi menyebabkan shock dan kematian korban sebelum candiru dapat diambil.[/quote]

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candiru Candiru (English and Portuguese) or candirú (Spanish), also known as canero or toothpick fish, are a number of genera of parasitic freshwater catfish in the family Trichomycteridae; all are native to the Amazon River. Although some candiru species have been known to grow to a size of 6 inches (~15 cm) in length, others are considerably smaller. These smaller species are known for an alleged tendency to invade and parasitize the human urethra; however, despite ethnological reports dating back to the late 19th century [1], the first documented case of a candiru parasitizing a human did not occur until 1997. The definition of candiru differs between authors. The word has been used to refer to only Vandellia cirrhosa, the entire genus Vandellia, the subfamily Vandelliinae, or even the two subfamilies Vandelliinae and Stegophilinae Physical description Candirus are small fish. Adults can grow to around 15 cm with a rather small head and a belly that can appear distended, especially after a large blood meal. The body is translucent making it quite difficult to spot in the turbid waters of its home. There are short, sensory barbels around the head, together with short, backward pointing spines on the gill covers. Location and habitat The area most populated by this fish is at the junction of the Amazon River and the Rio Negro, near Brazil's inland city of Manaus. Here they thrive as the low pH, brown, largely organic-material based Amazon river churns with the conversely high pH (basic), oligotrophic (with very low nutrient content, i.e., organic material), tannin-saturated flows of the Rio Negro. This mixing point provides a rich diversity of sustained fauna. Parasitism Candiru are parasites. Their ability to detect respiratory currents in the water allows them to swim into the gill openings of other aquatic species, where they feed on their prey's blood. While the members of the subfamily Vandelliinae feed on blood, members of Stegophilinae may feed on scales, mucus, or carrion.[7] The Candirú lies in wait at the river's murky bottom, searching for its next host by sampling/sniffing the water for expelled chemicals, such as urea and ammonia from the gills of other fish. Once having detected a fish in the vicinity, with a burst of speed the Candirú darts towards the gill cavity and lodges itself in place with its spines. Then, with usually fatal consequences for its victim, the Candirú begins to gnaw a hole towards a major blood vessel and gorges itself for no more than a few minutes. It will then dislodge itself and sink back to the river bed in order to digest its food and wait for its next meal. Alleged attacks on people Although lurid anecdotes of attacks of humans abound, there is only one documented case of a candiru attack on a human.[8] Nonetheless, there was a case in which the victim claimed that the fish jumped while he was urinating thigh deep.[9] They are also probably not attracted to pure urine.[4] It is believed that they are able to enter a human urethra only when it is expanded during urination.[9] A traditional treatment for those affected involves the use of two plants, the jagua or jenipapo plant (Genipa americana) and the Buitach apple which are inserted (or their extract in the case of tight spaces) into the affected area. It is thought that these two plants together will kill and then dislodge the fish.[10] Surgery to the affected region is the medical standard of care for those who have been attacked.